Dice, Coin, Lottery & Combinatorics Calculators
Count arrangements and selections, and work out the chances in games of chance.
Games of chance are the classic setting for probability because their outcomes can be counted. This category combines calculators for specific games, such as dice, coins, and lotteries, with the counting tools they rely on: permutations, combinations, and the number of possible passwords.
The key decision in most problems is whether order matters and whether items can repeat. Getting that choice right determines which formula applies.
Calculators in this category
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Key concepts
- Permutation
- An ordered arrangement of items. Swapping two items produces a different permutation.
- Combination
- An unordered selection of items. Only which items are chosen matters, not the order.
- Independent trials
- Each coin flip or die roll is unaffected by earlier ones. Past results do not change the next probability.
Frequently asked questions
How do I know whether to use a permutation or a combination?
Ask whether the order of the selected items matters. If choosing A then B is different from choosing B then A, use permutations. If the two choices are the same outcome, use combinations.